Renal cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form in the kidneys. They can be simple (benign, non-cancerous) or part of more complex conditions like polycystic kidney disease. While often asymptomatic, they may sometimes cause issues depending on their size and location. Several conditions can cause renal cysts, which are collectively called renal cystic disease.
Symptoms of Renal Cysts
- Many renal cysts are asymptomatic (without symptoms)
- Abdominal or flank (lower back and to the side) pain
- Blood in urine (hematuria)
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Diagnosis
Whether a simple renal cyst or part of a complex disease process, diagnosis of renal cysts begins with a complete medical (including family) history and physical exam.
Imaging is also used. Ultrasound is the most common imaging test ordered to visualize the kidneys. An MRI or CT scan may be ordered for more detailed visualization.
Blood and urine lab tests will be ordered to evaluate kidney function.
Treatment
Treatment options will vary depending on the type of cyst and whether it is part of another condition. Many conservative treatment options are available, but sometimes surgery is necessary.
- Conservative Management is most common, as most cysts are asymptomatic. Monitoring with regular check-ups is often enough.
- Surgical Intervention is indicated for larger, complex, or symptomatic cysts that can be drained or removed (excised).
- Complex Cases involving an underlying condition require specialized treatment of the causative disorder.
Follow-Up
Regardless of the type of renal cyst your child is diagnosed with, regular follow-ups with your child’s doctor are essential. These appointments will help detect changes in the cysts and ensure kidney function remains unaffected. Early detection and treatment provide optimal outcomes if kidney function is decreased.
If you have any questions or concerns about renal cysts, schedule an appointment with an expert Georgia Urology pediatric urologist.